Lincoln had to deal with not only the challenge of the South seceeding from the United States, but also the challenge of raising an army from Northern States who didn't want to get into a war.
If eligible to register with the selective service system and not taking the offer you will not be able to do more than a few things and a fine could be in place. Because of this, I would consider this a duty.
Military and economic problems have always been strongly intertwined and this wasn't any different in the times of the Byzantine Empire where vast expanses of land had to be readily monitored and guarded. This was obviously a severe financial undertaking which had to be funded. Dee to lack of money with time, the borders weren't as defended as they were in the past
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John Cabot and Pedro Cabral were among first European explorers that were sent to the New World and made significant discoveries. Difference is that Cabral was sailing under Portuguese flag and reached the shores of Brazil, while Cabot was sailing under English flag and reached the shores of North America.
Mercantilism created competition between companies, states, and countries. My teacher once gave me the example of a tree cutter making tables. It was about who makes the most profit.