Africa is the continent that has the most countries through which the Equator passes. In fact, 7 out of the 13 countries in the world through which the Equator passes are in Africa. From west to east they are in this order, Sao Tome and Principe, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, and Somalia. The Equator is an imaginary line invented by the humans for their own purposes. It basically is the line that separates the Earth into two equal parts horizontally, or rather into Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. The Equator has latitude of 0 degrees, and it is the starting point from which the latitude is measured both north and south. This part of Africa is characterized with warm and wet climate, with the temperatures being constant throughout the whole year and have only few degrees of change, resulting in constant summer. The landscape is covered with dense tropical vegetation, and there's enormous amount of species that live in this area.
In this case we will have deeper sea sediments (shales and limestones) being deposited on top of continentally-derived beach sediments (sand). This forms a sequence (from bottom to top) of: sand to shale to limestone. This is an indication of marine transgression
