Answer:
1. The Central Dogma refers to the molecular process by which the DNA is converted into proteins using RNA as intermediate, i.e., DNA (Transcription)-> RNA (Translation) -> Protein.
2. Localization:
Transcription: within the cell nucleus (in eukaryotic organisms)
Translation: cytoplasm
3. Enzymes :
Transcription: RNA polymerase
Translation: Peptidyl transferase
Explanation:
Transcription is the process by which a segment of DNA (called gene) is used as template to synthesize a messenger RNA (mRNA) by using a specific RNA polymerase enzyme. During translation, this mRNA travels from the cell nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where this sequence (mRNA) is used as template to synthesize a protein. The ribosomes are organelles composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules which direct the catalytic steps of protein synthesis, while transference RNAs (tRNAs) are molecules that act as adaptors which link the mRNA template with the corresponding amino acids being incorporated into the protein. The enzyme peptidyl transferase catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids.
The answer is all of the above.
Cells are all similar, but still, they differ in size, shape, function. All of this depends on their role in the body. A blood cell, muscle cell, bone cell, for example, are similar enough on some basic level. Still, each of these cells is specialized to work in the special way the body needs to. They are all specialized for different functions.
Answer:
b. Talus, tibia and fibula
Explanation:
In this scenario, the diagnosis was that the extreme eversion and plantar flexion that occurred during the fall resulted in a severe dislocation of the ankle joint proper (talocrural joint) and spraining of the ankle at the calcaneofibular ligament. The surgeon stated that she would perform a reduction of the dislocation and then attempt to repair the injured ligament using arthroscopy. Thus, the bones which would have been dislocated are talus, tibia and fibula.
Generally, when the anterior cruciate ligament which is one of the key ligaments that stabilizes the knee joint is damaged, a surgeon would have to perform a reconstruction. The tibia bone is a shinbone and it is connected by the anterior cruciate ligament with the femur (thighbone).
Basically, the ankle joint is made up of three (3) main bones and these are the tibia, talus and fibula, thus, they would all need to be repaired by the surgeon through arthroscopy.
