An argument does not have to controversial: it just refers to someone taking a stand, arguing for or against something. It does not have to be in opposition to other people's ideas either.
So now we have two options left:
writing that takes a specific perspective
and
<span>writing to explain a writers ideas on a topic
I find both of them not perfect: I would rather say that an argument is a claim, or a statement, that needs to be supported. But from the two I think the better one is </span><span>writing to explain a writers ideas on a topic (this is the best answer I think) since a perspective can mean a "point of view" and this not what an argument is.</span>
I'm 90% sure it's a "noun clause"
I would say that the parallel list here is C) a lost puppy, a colored poster, and a happy boy.
This is because all words have an article <em>a, </em>and an adjective in front of them, so they are parallel.
C. Mom
Mom should always be capitalized in a sentance because it is a proper noun