The crusaders were trying to promote Christianity. They did this not by converting, but mainly by fighting others (infidels). During the crusades many people were killed. The crusaders were hypocrites because they believed that is is acceptable to kill in the name of a religion that explicitly says "Thou shallt not kill".
I think it was 640 B.C.
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Agriculture plays a crucial role in the rise and development of civilizations, since it allows for there to be a "food surplus"--meaning that people other than farmers can spend time and effort developing new skills and practicing new trades.
Answer: Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture. In the Renaissance, the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at the time.