Um, the colonists grew tobacco to survive, but of these choices, I think it's C
The Mitsubishi and Kawasaki families are examples of zaibatsu. Zaibatus means any of the large capitalist enterprises of Japan before World War II.
Royal colonies are governed by the King and profit the King. Charter colonies are their own colonies. The land was granted to them by the king, but he isn't in control.
Ideas about life, the way the society should work,and where we fit into it are called "philosophical ideas", although there are numerous sub-genres of philosophy that deal with these individual issues.