Most working class women in Victorian England had no choice but to work in order to help support their families. They worked either in factories, or in domestic service for richer households or in family businesses. Many women also carried out home-based work such as finishing garments and shoes for factories, laundry, or preparation of snacks to sell in the market or streets. This was in addition to their unpaid work at home which included cooking, cleaning, child care and often keeping small animals and growing vegetables and fruit to help feed their families.
However, women’s work has not always been accurately recorded within sources that historians rely on, due to much of women's work being irregular, home-based or within a family-run business. Women's work was often not included within statistics on waged work in official records, altering our perspective on the work women undertook. Often women’s wages were thought of as secondary earnings and less important than men’s wages even though they were crucial to the family’s survival. This is why the census returns from the early years of the 19th century often show a blank space under the occupation column against women’s names – even though we now have evidence from a variety of sources from the 1850s onwards that women engaged in a wide variety of waged work in the UK.
Examine

These women worked at the surface of the coal mines, cleaning coal, loading tubs, etc. They wore short trousers, clogs and aprons as these clothes were safer near machinary.
Credit:
Working Class Movement Library; TUC Collections, London Metropolitan University
Women’s occupations during the second half of the 19th and early 20th century included work in textiles and clothing factories and workshops as well as in coal and tin mines, working in commerce, and on farms. According to the 1911 census, domestic service was the largest employer of women and girls, with 28% of all employed women (1.35 million women) in England and Wales engaged in domestic service. Many women were employed in small industries like shirt making, nail making, chain making and shoe stitching. These were known as 'sweated industries' because the working hours were long and pay was very low . Factories organised work along the lines of gender – with men performing the supervisory roles and work which was categorized as ‘skilled’.
In 1492, the exchange of plants and animals, diseases between the eastern and the western hemisphere occurred. This phenomenon is referred to as the Columbian Exchange.
<h3>Benefits of the Columbian Exchange to Europeans</h3>
The Columbian exchange had the following benefits to the western Hemisphere
- Population growth
- Introduction of new crops from the Americas.
- Europe's economic shift towards capitalism.
- Improvement in European diet through introduction of higher caloric potatoes.
<h3>Benefits of the Columbian Exchange to American Indians</h3>
The Columbian exchange had the following benefits to the eastern Hemisphere
- Improved hunting habits of Native Americans
- Improved farming habits
- Introduction of New diseases to Native American populations.
The most important change with far reaching consequences during the columbian exchange was the spread of diseases among native population and among Europeans which had no resistance to such diseases
Learn more about the Columbian Exchange at brainly.com/question/9813
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Answer:
Traditionally, both Judaism and Christianity believe in the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, for Jews the God of the Tanakh, for Christians the God of the Old Testament, the creator of the universe.
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Answer:nMining played an important role in the settling of the American West. Demand for minerals rose dramatically after the Civil War as the United States changed from a farming nation to an industrial nation. Mining also led to the building of railroads to connect the mines to factories back east.
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