Jessica is a recent graduate. She begins her first job at a publishing house as a trainee editor. Jessica's manager is a highly
authoritative person who closely monitors her performance. Jessica believes that if she obeys her manager's instructions, she can avoid harmful personal consequences. In the context of ethics, Jessica is at the _____ of moral development. a.conventional level
b.postconventional level
c.principled level
d.preconventional level
This is the first stage of moral development by Kohl-berg. This is the first level of the moral development stage. A child's sense of morality has been controlled by peers or parents. A child is ready to accept the rules and regulation of their peer's parents and teacher because children don't know what is right and what is wrong. In this stage, the children are in the obedience and punishment stage. The child avoids being punished so obey the rules and regulations of their parents. The child is oriented about the instruments. The child has limited interest in others' needs. This stage level work for children on the bases of I will scratch your back, you will scratch my back.
Discovered by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist classical conditioning has a major effect on the behaviorist school of psychology, which believes that all learning occurs through environmental influence. However classical condition involves forming a close association between a neutral stimulus and a conditioned stimulus to obtain a desired conditioned response.
