About 10 years, however the economy was in trouble again because shirtly after the WW2 happened
Under the Constitution, the vice president serves as the president of the Senate and presides over the Senate's daily proceedings. In the absence of the vice president, the Senate's president pro tempore (and others designated by him) presides.
Generally speaking, judicial activism is the opposite of judicial restraint in that when a judge is especially "active," he or she imposes more of his or her own will in the case, whereas if a judge is more "restrained," they rely more on precedent.
If I remember correctly.. she was A nurse on the battlefield for the Union army during the Civil war.