I would say in a general overview, that if workers are always being looked for to do a job, that labor is scarce. Look at welding for example, there is always a need for welders. When, in the United States, a job is vital, the government might even offer grants to get more people into the labor force, so you could tell that way.
D he was not born into wealth and was respect by the lower class/ common people
In the year 1453 the major incident that happened was the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople. The correct option among all the options given in the question is option "b". The Byzantine Empire ended with the fall of Constantinople. The capital of the Byzantine Empire was captured by the Ottoman conqueror Sultan Mehmed II. Curtains came down on the great Byzantine empire and the rule of the Ottoman Turks started in Constantinople. This was a major historical event that occurred during the year 1453.
Women have many more civil rights than they originally did