The five groups of people that were part of the factory employees were owners, managers, children's, artisans and immigrants. These are the five basic employees that were found in factories. In some cases there can be other kind of employees for specialized jobs in certain factories, but they were not common to all factories.
So Shelly Chaiken and Alice Eagly (1976) reasoned that if a message is difficult to comprehend, persuasion should be greatest when the message is written, because readers will be able to work through the message at their own pace.
