To return Jerusalem and the Holy Land to Christian control. The crusades failed because they were not able to retrieve the Holy Land.
With the exception of Austria-Hungary, new imperialism was entrenched in the policies of all the European powers. This frenzy to acquire colonies was due to the potential financial and psychological benefits that colonies provide. Financially speaking, the colonies can help European nation’s name economy by firstly providing the raw materials necessary for industrialization which were lacking in continental Europe. Secondly, after using the raw materials to produce the merchandise, the colonies provided a market where the European nations can sell their manufactured goods. Hence, new colonies can begin an exploitive cycle where the European nations take resources from their colonial subjects then profits exportation of completed goods
Answer: The first option, "The mayor of a city takes a bribe from a contractor and rewards the contractor a big city job."
Explanation:
To graft is to obtain gains in either politics or business
