Question

Which geographic reference is defined by people rather than the position and motion of the earth in space?

Answer 1

Location is defined by the specific place where a person or object is, so I would say location, whether this is an address, a coordinate on a GPS system, or approximated in relation to the location of other people and objects.

Answer 2

The latitude and longitude are the two coordinates that determine a specific point on the earth surface.

In  geographic, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point on the earth's surface.

and the other hand the longitude is part of geographic coordinate system, the longitude lines run north-south. They converge at the poles.