The answer is C.) because of the present participle "has". If the present participle "has" wasn't in the sentence, then the answer would be B.). Anyway, the answer is C.) because of "has". (has spoken). I hope that helps :)
violent opposition against authority
One way that the novel differs from earlier literary works is that readers are often able to relate better to the characters in novels.
A novel is a long work of narrative fiction, usually written in prose form. It is considered that all of the genre has " a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years" origined in classical Greece and Rome, in medieval and early modern romance, and in the tradition of the Italian renaissance novella. Novel readers are more susceptible, to get along with the characters, relating their personal experiences with the characters in question, something that in ancient literature was not very common.
Jack is making plans to travel this summer to his favorite three places in the state.
Jack is sitting at the computer in his room and making plans to travel.
It has been his dream to visit Paris, France, so Jack is making plans to travel there.
It is those two because when it says "Jack is making plans to travel." it does not mention him saving up for years.