The high technology in the ships of the Portuguese gave them an advantage over other countries, becoming the most powerful navigators during those two centuries. Portuguese trading focused mainly on obtaining gold, ivory, and pepper; but in addition to these products, so prized in Europe, it is estimated that more than 175,000 slaves were also carried on Portuguese ships to Europe and the Americas in the greatest migration of people during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
The final stage of apartheid<span>'s demise happened so quickly as to have taken many people in South Africa and throughout the world by surprise. The release of </span>Nelson Mandela<span> in February 1990 and the lifting of the ban of the </span>African National Congress<span> (ANC) and other liberation movements led to a protracted series of negotiations out of which emerged a democratic constitution and the first free election in the country's history. Democracy did not emerge spontaneously; it had to be built laboriously, brick by brick. This was a complex process, following years of multifaceted struggle and accompanied in the 1990-1994 period by convulsive violence as vested interests resisted change. Probably unique in the history of colonialism, white settlers voluntarily gave up their monopoly of political power. The final transfer of power was remarkably peaceful; it is often is described as a "miracle" because many thought that South Africa would erupt into violent civil war. </span>
Resistance to British rule in southern Africa was led by the Zulus, or the Zulu Empire.
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In the context of elections for public office, a candidate who has been selected to represent or is endorsed by a political party is said to be the party's nominee. ... Candidates who are endorsed by a political party may be required to submit a nominating petition in order to gain ballot access.
The preamble to the Declaration of Independence establishes the philosophical and political underpinning to the new nation's decision to sever its ties to Great Britain. In the preamble, Jefferson calls on Enlightenment philosophy to explain why the new country is justified in breaking away from Great Britain.
