Answer:
Research and development
Explanation:
Fixed cost is cost that does not vary with output. It is cost that is incurred regardless of the units of output produced
Discretionary fixed cost is cost that is incurred at the discretion of the management of a company. 
 A company can decide to undertake research and development or not to. So, it is an example of discretionary fixed cost
 
        
             
        
        
        
Employee empowerment is another term used to describe decentralization an objective of the employment relationship in which workers are given some say in the conditions of their employment.
Centralization or decentralization is the process by which an organization's activities, especially those related to planning and decision-making, are decentralized or delegated from a central, authoritative place or group. 
The concept of decentralization has been applied to the group dynamics and management sciences of private companies and organizations, political science, law and administration, economics, money, and technology.
learn more about decentralization  here; brainly.com/question/27661901
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Answer:
By 186% the price of a dozen eggs rise.
Explanation:
Given that, 
Cost in December 2000 = $0.96
Cost in December 2015 = $2.75
Average wage for December 2000 = $14.28 per hour
Average wage for December 2015 = $21.26
By considering these information, we are able to calculate the increase price percentage of a dozen eggs. The calculation is shown below: 
= (December 2015 price - December 2000 price ) ÷ (December 2000 price) × 100 
= ($2.75 - $0.96) ÷ ($0.96) × 100
= ($1.79) ÷ ($0.96) × 100
=  186%
Thus, by 186% the price of a dozen eggs rise.
 
        
             
        
        
        
The impression strategy that Alan is using is the self-promotion. The impression strategy of self-promotion tends a person to promote his or herself or in another term, the person would brag his or her accomplishments or the activities that he or she has done in a way which is forceful or a way that other people would think that he or she does not need to know about.
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
b. the equity method.
Explanation:
The equity method is used when the investor company will own approximately 20% to 50% of the common stock of the investee company. This method is used because the investor company will have significant influence over the actions taken by the investee company. The investee company will generally be considered an affiliate company, but not a subsidiary.