You didn't provide us the text excerpt for your question, so let me simply provide some details concerning the Catholic Reformation.
The Roman Catholic Church responded to the Protestant Reformation in a number of ways intended to strengthen its own stance and its hold on church power. This movement by the Catholic Church is known as the Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation. It included a number of features, such as:
- The formation of religious orders that aimed to build allegiance to Rome and the papacy, and to educate people in Catholic teaching. The Society of Jesus, known as the Jesuits for short, was a key order of this sort. The order was founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534, along with Francis Xavier and several others.
- The Council of Trent served to reform some abuses that were acknowledged by the Catholic Church, such as the sale of indulgences and the practice of selling church offices (simony). The council also aimed to improve priests' knowledge. The <em>Roman Catechism</em>, also known as the <em>Catechism of the Council of Trent</em>, was commissioned by the Council and was published in 1566, with the intent of thoroughly educating the church's clergy.
- Beyond the reforms noted concerning the Council of Trent, mostly that Council served to reassert the full authority of Roman power and doctrine over the Protestant threat. The Council of Trent held meetings over a span of years from 1545 to 1563.
- The Roman Inquisition was founded in 1542 to act as an investigative body in regard to threats to Rome's teachings. About a century later, Galileo would be one of the most famous persons tried by the Roman Inquisition.
D. Yes. China has one of the World's highest gross domestic products.
Their GDP is expected to surpass the United States in 2025. It is only a matter of time as business in China had taken a boost during Deng's reforms and the removal of Mao's economic policies.
Answer:
Migration is variously characterized as an important determinant of violent conflict and political instability, national power, imperial expansion, ethnic conflict, radicalism, terrorism, environmental degradation, and economic growth or stagnation. In high immigration receiving states such as Australia and the United States—among the world's most inclusive migrant incorporation regimes—immigration increasingly complicates foreign policy making choices, and may present challenges to each host nation's internal cohesion.. Issues such as dual nationality, social exclusion, multiculturalism, and fear of international terrorism—especially in a post-9/11 context—generate considerable political heat and public debate.
2nd paragraph: Combatants in the immigration debate start from very different world views – not only emphasizing different values but almost speaking different languages. To avoid destructive backlashes, reformers must understand and respect the values and perspectives of all groups involved in public debates.Immigration—and public policies to manage it—arouses strong emotions and fierce social and political battles, not just in the United States but in most other countries across the world. Why is this true? Each nation has its own issues that inspire or enrage, of course, but there are widespread, underlying patterns that can be identified and taken into consideration by reformers.
One modern-day social structure that had its origin in the Neolithic era is "<span>a. trade of goods and services" since trade began with the domestication of plants and animals during this time. </span>
