The accurate statements regarding the AIDS epidemic in Africa are the following:
- HIV was first diagnosed in the 1980's. Although the virus was tracked back to 1959, it was during the 1980's when the first patient was diagnosed with the term HIV virus.
- Some people did not seek treatment for HIV because of the social stigma of the disease. A lot of people were afraid of seeking treatment or even getting tested for HIV, in fear that if being affected by it, they would be discriminated and marginalized from society.
- Over half of all HIV/AIDS deaths in the world are in Africa. In 2017, there were 36.9 million people living with HIV in the world. From that number, over 20 million people live in different parts of Africa.
- Civil war and economic problems slowed the response of many African countries. Although there has been a great improvement with the early diagnosis and treatment of the virus in African patients, the economic and social conditions of certain countries have made the response to the virus a slower one.
The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, or the K-T event, is the name given to the die-off of the dinosaurs and other species that took place some 65.5 million years ago. For many years, paleontologists believed this event was caused by climate and geological changes that interrupted the dinosaurs’ food supply. However, in the 1980s, father-and-son scientists Luis (1911-88) and Walter Alvarez (1940-) discovered in the geological record a distinct layer of iridium–an element found in abundance only in space–that corresponds to the precise time the dinosaurs died. This suggests that a comet, asteroid or meteor impact event may have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. In the 1990s, scientists located the massive Chicxulub Crater at the tip of Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula, which dates to the period in question.
Dinosaurs roamed the earth for 160 million years until their sudden demise some 65.5 million years ago, in an event now known as the Cretaceous-Tertiary, or K-T, extinction event. (“K” is the abbreviation for Cretaceous, which is associated with the German word “Kreidezeit.”) Besides dinosaurs, many other species of mammals, amphibians and plants died out at the same time. Over the years, paleontologists have proposed several theories for this extensive die-off. One early theory was that small mammals ate dinosaur eggs, thereby reducing the dinosaur population until it became unsustainable. Another theory was that dinosaurs’ bodies became too big to be operated by their small brains. Some scientists believed a great plague decimated the dinosaur population and then spread to the animals that feasted on their carcasses. Starvation was another possibility: Large dinosaurs required vast amounts of food and could have stripped bare all the vegetation in their habitat. But many of these theories are easily dismissed. If dinosaurs’ brains were too small to be adaptive, they would not have flourished for 160 million years. Also, plants do not have brains nor do they suffer from the same diseases as animals, so their simultaneous extinction makes these theories less plausible.
The answer is D.......................
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