D. South american independence. Simon Bolivar was a military and political leader who played a large role in establishing venezuela. and Jose de San Martin was a political leader in argentina who played a very large part in South America's fight for independence.
Knowledge of a) physical geography provides the means to identify and describe natural features of the earth, icluding landforms, water, vegetation and climate.
Because it does not directly affect the landform thus why it's considered as a passive agent. Those that do directly affect landforms are tectonic activities, winds, and water flow. Weather only onsets the formations.