The real sovereign is not a monarch or a powerful autocrat as it used to be before the 19th century. The people is the sovereign, those who rule can do so only by the consent of those governed. That´s an idea formulated by the French philosopher Jean Jacques-Rousseau, a major thinker of 18th-century Enlightenment. The principle is enshrined in the US Constitution and in the constitutions of another democratic countries.
It is (a). Iraq invaded Kuwait. The war was a conflict between Iraq and a force of nations.The lead up to the war began with the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.