So nobody can answer this. there is no pic of the segment
If one ratio is equivalent to another, that means that you multiply the top and the bottom on one ratio by a constant to get the larger ratio. D does that here for us. We have to multiply 3 by 5 to get to 15, so 16 times 5 better be 80 and it is.
8.71 xx10^(12)
The exponent is a positive number. This means the decimal point moves to the right by the number of the exponent.
There are two digits to the right of the decimal point, so to move the decimal 12 places, you would need to add 10 zeros.
8.71 x 10^12 becomes 8,710,000,000,000.
Just multiply by 0.15 to get the tip amount and add to your original number. This gives you 32.43