They taxed traders coming and leaving Ghana, and they used their armies to protect trade routes.
Spanish missionaries were the first European settlers in Texas, founding San Antonio in 1718. Hostile natives and isolation from other Spanish colonies kept Texas sparsely populated until following the Revolutionary War and the War of Mexican Independence, when the newly established Mexican government began to allow settlers from the U.S. to claim land there. This led to a population explosion, but dramatically reduced the percentage of the population with Mexican heritage, causing friction with the government in Mexico City. After several smaller insurrections, the Texas Revolution broke out, and the state became an independent nation in 1835. However, the newly formed Texas Republic was unable to defend itself from further incursions by Mexican troops, and eventually negotiated with the U.S. to join the union in 1845.
Compared to its rivals, Carnegie Steel is able to offer its goods for less money. Because he controlled the raw material supply, the means of manufacturing, and the channels of distribution, Carnegie was able to reduce expenses.
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What cost-cutting measures took Carnegie?</h3>
He promoted bonds and made investments in oil and railroad sleeper carriages, but iron production was his main line of work. He relentlessly adopted practices that reduced per-unit costs, introduced the railroad industry's cost-accounting methods, and hired skilled chemists.
Because he controlled the raw material supply, the means of manufacturing, and the channels of distribution. Because Carnegie produced a subpar item, production costs were lower.
Hence choice 2nd is correct.
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