Answer:
Null hypothesis: male and female spiders organized in mating pairs don't differ significantly in respect to body length
Alternative hypothesis: male and female spiders organized in mating pairs exhibit significant differences in respect to body length
The application of one statistical test in order to obtain one p-value (probability value) may provide useful evidence to support the alternative hypothesis (or reject it).
The inference procedure uses the information collected from the sample in order to obtain one conclusion. Frequentism is a type of inference procedure that can be used to test a hypothetical test case, which is here represented by male and female spiders organized in mating pairs.
Stems experience positive tropism because they follow light
Roots are negative tropism
Hope I helped
Answer:
C. The basic effect of the cholera toxin is signal amplification.
Explanation:
Cholera toxin can cause its symptoms by amplifying the signals responsible for intestinal electrolyte transport through the following process:
The toxin binds to a membrane ganglioside (a phospholipid with carbohydrate residues) in the secretory cells in the small intestine. After that, a toxin subunit penetrates the cell, causing permanent activation of a G protein.
G protein activates adenylate cyclase, which catalyzes the formation of cAMP (A type of secondary messenger, important in signal transduction in cells), responsible for activating protein kinases.
Proteins undergo phosphorylation, this process amplifies chloride ions (Cl⁻) secretion.
The flow of negatively charged chloride ions out of the cell causes positively charged sodium ions to follow them in the flow.
Then water follows the electrolytes to the lumen of the small intestine by osmosis, resulting in severe diarrhea.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
banned slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment and created new protections with the Fourteenth Amendment.
Answer:
The fossil record shows which organisms have a common ancestor.
The fossil record can be used to develop a timeline of Earth’s history.
The fossil record shows which organisms existed at the same time.