The Y chromosome likely contains 70 to 200 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. Because only males have the Y chromosome, the genes on this chromosome tend to be involved in male sex determination and development.
<h3>What is a chromosome?</h3>
A chromosome is a lengthy DNA molecule that contains all or a portion of an organism's genetic code. Histones, which serve as packing proteins for the majority of eukaryotic chromosomes, work with chaperone proteins to attach to and condense the DNA molecule in order to preserve the integrity of the molecule. These chromosomes exhibit a complicated three-dimensional structure that is crucial for controlling transcription.
Under a light microscope, chromosomes are typically only discernible during the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form).
Prior to this, each chromosome undergoes a process known as chromosome duplication (S phase), during which a centromere connects both copies, forming either the X-shaped structure (if the centromere is situated equatorially) or a two-arm structure (if it is situated distally) depending on where it is situated.
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The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a part of the immune system that enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen's cell membrane during phagocytosis
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Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food from the substances available in their surroundings using light (photosynthesis) or chemical energy (chemosynthesis). Heterotrophs cannot synthesize their own food and rely on other organisms — both plants and animals — for nutrition.
autotrophs are known are known as producers because they are able to make their own food from raw materials and energy, such as plants, algae and some types of bacteria.
heterotrophs are known as consumers Because they consume producers or other consumers such as dogs, birds, fish and humans.
<span> A creep meter uses a wire that stretches across a fault to measure horizontal movement of the ground, and a </span>laser-ranging device uses alaser<span> beam & reflector to detect Horizontal fault movements. I hope this is right.</span>
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A cladogram is a diagram used to represent a hypothetical relationship between groups of animals, called a phylogeny. A cladogram is used by a scientist studying phylogenetic systematics to visualize the groups of organisms being compared, how they are related, and their most common ancestors.
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