The rise of reform movements aimed at improving urban life
Image shows black people voting, so the amendment to the US constitution that directly guarantees the right shown in that image is 15th. 15th amendment of the united states constitution granted the right for citizens to not be denied their right to vote by states or federal government based on their race or color.
They were tasked with protecting the movement of trade goods. They also kept defense of the northern and western frontier against Indian and Mexican incursions, defense of the coast against Union invasion, and suppression of Union loyalists within Texas.
A federal government and a confederate government differ in where the majority of the power lies. In a federal government the central government holds the most power and states have less. In a confederate government the states hold the majority of the power. The Confederate States of America acted as sovereign states with each state having little influence from a more powerful central government.