1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
OLEGan [10]
3 years ago
12

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of pharyngeal muscles and parotid salivary glands?

Biology
2 answers:
Nina [5.8K]3 years ago
7 0
In general, the pharyngeal muscles are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the Vagus nerve (CN X). However, the stylopharyngeus muscle is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX). This specific muscle is involved in swallowing and the CN IX provides the motor innervation for this muscle movement. The parotid salivary glands are also innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve. It is not possible to separately test the functions of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerve. This is because the vagus nerve is predominantly controlling the motor function of the larynx and pharynx.
s344n2d4d5 [400]3 years ago
7 0
Parasympathetic innervation to the salivary glands is carried via cranial nerves. The parotid gland receives its parasympathetic input from the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) via the otic ganglion, while the submandibular and sublingual glands receive their parasympathetic input from the facial nerve (CN VII) via the submandibular ganglion. These nerves release acetylcholine and substance P, which activate the IP3 and DAG pathways respectively. Direct sympathetic innervation of the salivary glands takes place via preganglionic nerves in the thoracic segments T1-T3 which synapse in the superior cervical ganglion with postganglionic neurons that release norepinephrine, which is then received by β-adrenergic receptors on the acinar and ductal cells of the salivary glands, leading to an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and the corresponding increase of saliva secretion. Note that in this regard both parasympathetic and <span>sympathetic stimuli result in an increase in salivary gland secretions.</span>
You might be interested in
An animal virus enters its host cell by
stealth61 [152]
I would say <span>C. being injected into the cell is the right answer</span>
4 0
3 years ago
What happens to the salt and minerals in the water when the water evaporates?
leva [86]

Answer:

It goes back to its solid state in the glass, like when you leave out a glass of koolaid ,the water evaporates but it leaves a Orange powder residue

Explanation:

3 0
2 years ago
How does the digestive system interact with the circulatory system?
Gemiola [76]

Answer:

D

Explanation:

the circulatory absorbs nutrients and carries the chemical to signal through endocrine to control the speed of digestion.

5 0
3 years ago
Humans and baboon have noses with nostrils that face downward, but many other primates have noses with nostrils that face out to
Zepler [3.9K]

Answer:

a shared derived trait.

Explanation:

Genetics can be defined as the scientific study of hereditary in living organisms such as humans, animals and plants.

Simply stated, a trait refers to the specific features or characteristics possessed by a living organism. It is essentially transferred from the parent of a living organism to her offspring and as such distinguishes him or her.

Heredity refers to the transfer of traits (specific characteristics) from the parent of a living organism to her offspring through sexual reproduction or asexual production. Some examples of hereditary traits are dimples, tongue rolling, baldness, weight, handedness, freckles, curly hair, hair color, blindness, complexion, height, etc.

All humans and baboons are created having noses with nostrils underneath i.e facing downwards but other primates such as platyrrhines have their nostrils facing sideways (face out to the side). Also, humans and baboons shared close similarities with each other when compared than they share with the primates having a outward-facing nostrils.

This ultimately implies that, both humans and baboons sharing the downward-facing nostril orientation is an example of a shared derived trait.

A shared derived trait can be defined as a trait or characteristic that is shared between two lineages and subsequently evolves leading up to a clade, which is a distinguishing feature from other species.

4 0
2 years ago
When you describe a person as having attached ear lobes, you are describing their genotype.?
Alik [6]
Having attached earlobes is their phenotype. their genotype are the alleles that code for that
8 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Whitch has a eurcreatic plant cell <br><br> 1salmonilla<br> 2muscle<br> 3carrot<br> 4e.coli
    13·1 answer
  • 23 degrees farienhiet in celcius ?
    9·2 answers
  • What is the primary mode of transmission of microorganisms to food and food contact surfaces?
    15·1 answer
  • Which of the following statements is true about solar eclipses? There is a solar eclipse every month. All solar eclipses are tot
    6·1 answer
  • Which of the following is not a type of fault?
    5·2 answers
  • Question: Cells are similar in many ways, but differ in organisms from different kingdoms. What are the similarities and differe
    11·1 answer
  • When dry cold canadian air displays very humid air what change occurs to the air pressure
    10·1 answer
  • A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the cns is called a(n)________ neuron. a visceral motor neuron whose cell body
    13·1 answer
  • How does the cell structure of prokaryotes impact reproduction?
    6·1 answer
  • 3. How are frog eggs being used in research involving human cells?
    10·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!