Maximum Thrift is a method / philosophy that considers the shortest tree (in number of transformation steps) the best hypothesis about the phylogenetic relationship of a given set of terminals. Transformation step is the cost attributed to the change of character state in a given branch of the tree, be it the change from one nucleotide base to another, amino acids, or the color of an animal's iris. The fewer transformations, the shorter the tree, and therefore the more parsimonious. In this method, what programs do is to investigate as many alternative topologies as possible (or all if their array has less than 25 terminals; see more details below) given their character array. Each will be measured, and the shorter (optimal) trees will be retained as the most parsimonious result.
Answer:
troposphere
Explanation:
The troposphere is the temperature zone of the atmosphere where most precipitation occurs. It has a normal temperature of 0 degrees Celsius. This layer is where the majority of weather events take place. It is 10–15 kilometers thick above the Earth's surface.
Answer:
Option 1.
Explanation:
r-selected species may be defined as the species that has higher growth rate, shows less parental care and the rate of survival of the off spring is low as compared with k selected species.
Black widow spiders have the ability to produce 1000 offspring. Their chances of survival are extremely low and only few species of black widow spiders survive. Hence, black widow spider is r-selected species.
Thus, the correct answer is option (1).
Answer:
a layer or a series of layers of rock in the ground. ,
a level or class to which people are assigned according to their social status, education, or income.
Explanation:
