Q. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Chromosomes occur in pairs in higher plants and animals.
B. There are more chromosomes in a cell than there are genes.
C. All organisms have the same number of chromosomes.
D. A karyotype cannot determine if an organism is male or female.
Answer:
A karyotype cannot determine if an organism is male or female. Thus, the correct option is D.
<h3>
What is karyotype?</h3>
A person's entire set of chromosomes is known as their karyotype. The phrase can also refer to an image created in a lab showing a person's chromosomes separated from one cell and organized in numerical order. A karyotype can be used to check for chromosomal number or structural problems.
Males and females may have different karyotypes. For instance, human females have two X chromosomes while males have an X and a Y chromosome in their karyotype. Body (somatic) cells and egg and sperm cells have different karyotypes (gametes).
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Answer: Symbiogenesis
The process responsible for the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotes is Symbiogenesis or endosymbiotic theory.
This theory states<span> that </span>mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from bacteria entering a eukaryotic cell to form a symbiotic relationship.
Among the pieces of evidence supporting symbiogenesis are that new mitochondria and plastids are formed only through binary fission and the striking similarities between bacteria and these organelles<span><span /> (mitochondria and chloroplasts). Similarities include 1) They have their own DNA, which is separate from the DNA found in the nucleus of the cell. and 2) both organelles use their DNA to produce many proteins and enzymes required for their function</span>
