They were technologically superior.
By this I mean technologically superior for the time period. The English possessed the better weapons. For example they had the long bows which were better than the normal bows as well as cannons which is something that turned many of the battles in their favor.
The Fertile Crescent is referred to as the area between the Euphrates River and the Tigris River, as well as the Nile River.
The Fertile Crescent is located in North-Eastern Egypt, through Israel, to the negev of Turkey, and stretches in a slanted area to the border of the Persian Gulf.
hope this helps
