The cause of the civil rights movement was to stop the racism with black people and have them be as equal as other people. After the civil rights movement people stopped being racist to black people in public places and in jobs.
The fastest way to communicate across continents in the 1500s was by ship. If you wanted to bring a certain message across a continent than there was no faster way than actually sending it on a ship and waiting for the ship to arrive safely to the other continent.
It would be Labor Unions.
It unified and increased the power of the national state. It increased the feeling of French nationalism, and it set a precedent for a democratic French government.