Option: exemplified Russia’s new orientation to the West
Explanation:
St. Petersburg founded by Czar Peter I of Russia after defeating Sweden in a war which led him to conquer the Baltic Sea. Peter the Great became the first Czar of Russia to bring the influence of Western European models in his empire. His extensive reforms in the political, economic, and military led to establishing Russia in its grandest. Peter pursued his dream of northern capital and decided to build it in a swamp. Czar Peter I invited engineers, businessmen, and architects from all over the countries to built new capital.
