Answer:
Marriage
Explanation: i'm so sorry if i'm wrong but this is the only one that makes sense to me :)
Its either B or D im not sure... sorry tho
By the thirteenth century, the political and religious influence of Islam traveled further south because of new trade routes into sub-Saharan Africa and through the work of missionaries.
new trade routes
missionaries
Uplifted soil lead to it being catched by the tornados and wind.