Dividend discount model (DDM) is used in valuing stocks of a company with basing on the value of the future net present dividends. It rests on the assumption that the stock's worth is equivalent to future dividends including discounted values of the present. Corporation valuation models on the other hand, is for loan qualifications, setting prices upon selling one's company.
Answer:
d. defense tactics make the costs of a takeover lower.
Explanation:
There's a take over attempt when a company is faced with a hostile takeover attempt.
Defense can be either pre offer takeover or post offer takeover.
In pre offer takeover defense, companies put mechanisms in place to discourage takeover attempts.
Pre takeover defense mechanisms include:
1. Golden parachute: this benefits the managers of a company. It is an agreement where managers are compensated lucratively if they leave the company being targeted for a takeover when there's a change in corporate control.
2. Fair price amendments: this sets a bidding value floor for a target company. This makes the company more expensive
3. Staggered board : this is when its impossible to change all the members of boards of a company.
4. Poison pill
5. Poison put
Post take over defense mechanism usually are put in place after a takeover attempt. They include:
1. White knight defesne : The takeover firm invites another company to purchase it in place of the firm planning an hostile takeover. This can lead to bidding and counter bidding by the third firm and the firm planning the hostile take over. This can eventually leads to winners curse. This usually increases the cost of takeovers
2. Litigation
Not all take over defense tactics are usually effective. Generally, preoffer take over tactics are usually recommended.
First of all, the fixed expenses will be calculated -
Profit = (Sales * Contribution Margin) - Fixed expenses
Loss = $ 39,000, Sales = $ 870,000 and Contribution margin = 40 %
Using the equity of Profit -
- $ 39,000 = ( $ 870,000 * 40 %) - Fixed expenses
Fixed Expenses = $ 348,000 + $ 39,000 = $ 387,000
Now, Break-even point will be calculated as -
Break-even point = Fixed cost ÷ Contribution Margin
Break-even point = $ 387,000 ÷ 40 % = $ 967,500
Answer:
The law of diminishing marginal utility says that the marginal utility from each additional unit declines as consumption increases. 1. The marginal utility can decline into negative utility, as it may become entirely unfavorable to consume another unit of any product.
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