Answer:
0.36
Explanation:
Cost of equity of 16.8%,
Pretax cost of debt of 8.1%
Return on assets of 14.5%
As per NN proposition: Cost of equity = Return on asset + D/E ratio (Return on asset-Cost of debt)
0.168 = 0.145 + D/E (0.145 - 0.082)
0.168 - 0.145 = D/E (0.064)
0.023 = D/E (0.064)
D/E = 0.023/0.064
D/E = 0.359375
D/E = 0.36
Thus, the debt-equity ratio is 0.36
Answer:
(a) DM
(b) DL
(c) MO
(d) MO
Explanation:
(a) Frames and tires used in manufacturing bicycles.
This is cost directly related to the materials used in manufacturing a product and, thus, should be classified as a direct material cost (DM).
(b) Wages paid to production workers.
This cost is directly related to pay for the labor required to manufacture a product and, thus, should be classified as a direct labor cost (DL).
(c) Insurance on Factory equipment and machinery.
Although this is a cost incurred from manufacturing, it can't be directly linked to either materials or labor since it is an structural cost and, therefore, should be classified as a manufacturing overhead cost (MO).
(d) Depreciation on factory equipment
For the same reason as the previous item, this should be classified as a manufacturing overhead cost (MO).
Answer:
sell bonds, increase discount rates and increase reserve requirements
Explanation:
The Federal Reserve’s three instruments of monetary policy are open market operations, the discount rate and reserve requirements ( Sometimes discount rate management is divided as discount and interest rate) .
Open market operations involve the buying and selling of government securities. The term “open market” means that the Fed doesn’t decide on its own which securities dealers it will do business with on a particular day. Rather, the choice emerges from an “open market” in which the various securities dealers that the Fed does business with – the primary dealers – compete on the basis of price. Open market operations are flexible, and thus, the most frequently used tool of monetary policy.
The discount rate is the interest rate charged by Federal Reserve Banks to depository institutions on short-term loans.
Reserve requirements are the portions of deposits that banks must maintain either in their vaults or on deposit at a Federal Reserve Bank.
commenting so I can get help too