The suffix here would be 'ment', which means 'an act of, a state of, or a result of'. The suffix 'ment' changes the word from a verb to a noun, therefore to argue is a verb and becomes an argument which is a noun, to disagree is a verb and becomes a disagreement which is a noun. Therefore to define argument using this logic and one of the four options given the correct answer would be C. state of disagreement.
a. Employee complaints and d. Safety conditions
the reverend is always critical of him.
In the passage, the boy knows the reverend always assumes the worst.
hope this helps