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3 years ago

Suggest 3 different reasons why there is an ageing population in the uk .

Geography

1 answer:

nydimaria [60]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:

Fertility Rate

In the UK, the fertility rate has been below replacement levels since the early 1970s. The average fertility is presently 1.94 but there are regional differences within this, with Scotland’s fertility rate currently 1.77 compared with 2.04 in Northern Ireland. There is also a shift to higher mean pregnancy ages – women giving birth in 2009 were on average one year older (29.4) than those in 1999 (28.4).

There a lot of factors that have contributed to this change. These include improved availability and effectiveness of contraception; the rising costs of living; increasing female participation in the labour market; changing social attitudes; and the rise of individualism.

Work and Pensions

Longer retirement periods may lead to an increased level of pensioner poverty, especially amongst those who have not been able to pay into occupational schemes. Women are particularly vulnerable to this. They have a higher life expectancy than men and can lose their husband’s pension support if he dies first. They are also more likely to have taken time out of the labor market to raise children or care for others, meaning they may not have saved enough for their retirement.

In response to this, the UK government recently announced plans to remove the fixed retirement age meaning that employers can no longer force people to retire once they reach 65. They have also announced plans to increase the retirement age for women from 60 to 65 by 2018. It will then be raised to 66 for both men & women by 2020. Employers are also being encouraged to employ older workers and specialist initiatives are being put in place to support older people in returning to work.

Life Expectancy

As medicine advances and older populations are healthier, they will live longer and thus the population as a whole will age.

Explanation:

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Sub-Saharan Africa is a lot like the half empty, half full glass. Although the region has many problems, it holds much hope for the future. On one hand, political and economic problems plague the region.

The region's cities attract a high number of immigrants, increasing diversity as well as the ethnic conflict in the region. Population growth is putting a tremendous strain on the environment. Because of population growth, there are water shortages, unemployment, lack of housing, and inadequate services. On the other hand, there are still large areas of land that can be farmed to feed the population and provide crops for export.

Governments are stabilizing, but government systems lack capacity, and representative government is increasing. Some government systems in the region are unstable. Many governments are unable to provide adequate services. Ethnic diversity and conflict continue to plague the region. On the other hand, most government systems are moving toward democratic, multiparty systems in which leaders are elected.

Economic development is increasing, yet, there are many factors that describe the political situation that Sub-Saharan Africa is facing such as international debt, and weak government systems that hinder economic development. There are positives though. Foreign investment will aid the region's economic development, and globalization will play a role in the region's economic future. Technological advances will also expand employment opportunities. There are several methods dealing with water issues that affect the economics of the region. Water is moved from an area where it is abundant to an area experiencing a shortage, and desalinization is being implemented.

Social services are also improving. Nevertheless, there are a number of regional issues that must be addressed. Health issues in the region include malaria, schistosomiasis, and AIDS. Progress is being made, particularly in urban areas where clinics offer basic care. The status of women also varies throughout the region.

Explanation:

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