Hello
d)all of these are needed items
All of these are important you need to author's name to quote them, you need the title so readers know what you are researching, and dates of publication, so they know around the time this was published.
Hope this helps
Please mark me as Brainliest
<span>Well underlying message technically just means the "theme" of the story. So basically when you read this story ask yourself this: "What does the author want me to thing or feel while i read this?" And whatever your answer is to that is the theme.</span>
Hugging her grandmother =touch is the only one I'm pretty sure
Helpful or Helpless is the adjective to help
