The Fourteenth Amendment applied only to states, not individuals.
General Sherman's troops captured Atlanta on September 2, 1864. This was an important triumph, because Atlanta was a railroad hub and the industrial center of the Confederacy: It had munitions factories, foundries and warehouses that kept the Confederate army supplied with food, weapons and other goods. This is known as Sherman's March to the sea.
They believed they didn't need Britian because Britian was taxing them enormous amounts of money and controlling their freedom.
"Dramatic irony" is the term. Dramatic irony occurs in a work of literature (such as short story, a play, a novel, or a film) when the audience or reader is aware of a piece (or pieces) of information that one or more character in the story is not aware of.
The Balfour Declaration of 1917 was a declaration of support from Great Britain to the Jewish people in the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, then a British holding.