The type of energy bieng described is kinetic energy
Answer:
- A signal for apoptosis that comes from outside the cell is when a cell detaches from extracellular matrix. If this happens, a transmembrane signal is triggered.
- Two examples of cellular occurrences that would prompt an apoptosis signal from inside the cell are:
1. Damaged DNA
2. Increase of cytosolic calcium concentration
Explanation:
Apoptosis can be activated from an intrinsic or an extrinsic pathway. The intrinsic pathway is activated when a cell senses stress (for example, damaged DNA or high cytosolic calcium concentration) and triggers death proteins to activate apoptosis mechanism inside of it; the extrinsic pathway refers to the apoptosis triggered by signals that come from other cells. In this scenario, ligands bind to cell-surface death receptors and activates a death-inducing signal.
<span>Stimulation of thoracic or lumbar spinal regions; impulse reaches chain ganglion; acetylcholine release</span>. Acetylcholine is released if the synapse happens in the sympathetic ganglion, if the synapse is in post-ganglionic neuron, norepinephrine is released.
Answer:
Viruses can be used to insert genetic material into cells during gene therapy
Explanation:
Gene therapy is a process used to introduce genetic material into cells to compensate for abnormal genes or to make a beneficial protein. If a mutated gene causes a necessary protein to be faulty or missing, gene therapy may be able to introduce a normal copy of the gene to restore the function of the protein.
A gene that is inserted directly into a cell usually does not function. Instead, a carrier called a vector is genetically engineered to deliver the gene. Certain viruses are often used as vectors because they can deliver the new gene by infecting the cell. The viruses are modified so they can't cause disease when used in people.
