I. treating the substance with nucleases that destroy all nucleic acids and then determining whether it is still infectious
Explanation:
Analysis of the nature of the specimen like the infectious agents (bacterium, virus, viriod, or prion) is very important to diagnose the diseases caused by them, investigate disease outbreak, to determine the clinical course of the infectious disease etc.
There are many methods like direct detection, cultivation assays, serological assays to detect the pathogen type.
Molecular techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is done to further analyze or investigate the pathogen, like its microbial genome, the virulence factor etc. These are amplification methods which help to investigate the pathogenesis and disease progression. PCR method involves denaturing the DNA polymerase which is a nuclease type of enzyme. Nucleases are present with exonucleases and endonucleases, both of which acts at specific points on the DNA of the pathogen and will create new templates .
The correct answer is option B, that is, electroporation succeeded by recombination.
A usual method of presenting exogenous nucleic acids into cells is known as electroporation. In this, an electric voltage potential is used through a biological membrane, ultimately resulting in the formation of conducting hydrophilic pores. The process of electroporation is utilized for transporting or transfecting nucleic acids generally DNA within the cells, to make them articulate genes that would modify the genetic mechanism.
The transfected DNA can get recombined or incorporated into the host genome or can remain in its own composition. Thus, the process of electroporation straightforwardly permits more recombination to take place.
Answer:
Pangenesis
Explanation:
The theory of 'pangenesis' was proposed by Darwin to explain the process of inheritance of genetic traits from one generation to next. According to this theory, gemmules are the tiny particles produced by all the somatic cells of the body of living beings. These gemmules are also called pangene. Blood carries gemmules from all the body cells to the gonads. These gemmules from all the somatic cells form germ cells in gonads.
Answer:
a) the pyrimidine ring is assembled before being bonded to the ribose phosphate, whereas the purine ring is bonded to the ribose phosphate as it is formed
Explanation:
There are two ways for the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines:
- de novo synthesis-from basic simple units
- "recycling" synthesis-reuse of metabolites
Purines are synthesized directly on ribose sugar, in segments.
Pyrimidines are attached to the ribose after the synthesis of the base.
I believe it is called a Frameshift Mutation. Hope this helps :^)
