To my mind the correct answer is (A).
"Many Americans travel to Costa Rica during the winter months, the peak season, because of the warmer temperatures found at many of Costa Rica’s tropical beaches and lush rain forests. "
In this sentence, the author decides to add additional information through an APPOSITIVE PHRASE. If the writer decides to delete "the peak season" from the sentence, the meaning of the sentence will remain.
The answer is (C) Hoaxes spread...
The definition of a glossary i found is: an alphabetical list of terms or words found in or relating to a specific subject, text, or dialect, with explanations. Based on this definition i would think the most likely answer would be B, a list of topics in a book.