Answer:
It connects amino acids.
Explanation:
The process of synthesis of proteins is known as Translation. The process takes place inside the ribosome and involves tRNA and codons. The proteins are synthesised in their linear form which is composed of monomer units called amino acids.
The amino acids are therefore known as the building blocks of the proteins. These amino acids possess a carboxyl group (-COOH ), an amine group (- NH₂) and -R group.
A bond is formed between -COOH and -NH₂ in the amino acids which links the two amino acids together releasing a molecule of -H₂O, therefore, called dehydration method. This bond is known as a peptide bond which is involved in the formation of amino acid.
Thus, the selected option is the correct answer.
nondisjunction happens
Explanation:
The loss of a single chromosome from a diploid genome is called monosomy while the gain of one chromosome is called trisomy
Answer:
An example of circular double-stranded DNA molecules is the mitochondrial genomes that are 16,569 bp long and are present as one or more copies within all mitochondria of a cell. Thus mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is present in hundreds to thousands of copies per cell.
mtDNA is maternally inherited, so siblings will share the same DNA as their mother but not that of the father.
mtDNA is present in cells at a high copy number.
mtDNA is typically sequenced in the two hypervariable regions.
Explanation:
mtDNA is useful primarily for identity testing. mtDNA analysis may become essential when only a distant relative is available for a reference specimen.
In database searches of autosomal STR data from unidentified human remains or missing person relatives, the algorithms for the search often produce several potential matches, and mitochondrial DNA analysis is needed to identify the true match.
Deficiency wise, pathological alterations of mtDNA may occure and, it fall into three major classes: point mutations, deletion-duplications and disordered mtDNA content, that is, copy number.
On how to overcome these deficiency, the maintenance and integrity of the mitochondrial genome depend on several poorly understood factors.
Theoretically, defects in any of the proteins involved in mtDNA replication might affect mtDNA copy number. MtDNA replication is also highly dependent on mitochondrial dNTPs supply, and mutations in several genes involved in mitochondrial dNTP synthesis may therefore cause MDS (Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome).
Half life formula
The number of unstable nuclei remaining after time t can be determined according to this equation:
N(t) = N(0) * 0.5^(t/T)
where:
N(t) is the remaining quantity of a substance after time t has elapsed.
N(0) is the initial quantity of this substance.
T is the half-life.
It is also possible to determine the remaining quantity of a substance using a few other parameters:
N(t) = N(0) * e^(-t/τ)
N(t) = N(0) * e^(-λt)
τ is the mean lifetime - the average amount of time a nucleus remains intact.
λ is the decay constant (rate of decay).
All three of the parameters characterizing a substance's radioactivity are related in the following way:
T = ln(2)/λ = ln(2)*τ
How to calculate the half life
Determine the initial amount of a substance. For example, N(0) = 2.5 kg.
Determine the final amount of a substance - for instance, N(t) = 2.1 kg.
Measure how long it took for that amount of material to decay. In our experiment, we observed that it took 5 minutes.
Input these values into our half life calculator. It will compute a result for you instantaneously - in this case, the half life is equal to 19.88 minutes.
If you are not certain that our calculator returned the correct result, you can always check it using the half life formula.
Answer:
Increasing carbon dioxide concentration increases the rate of photosynthesis as carbon dioxide (CO2) is
<em><u>a limiting factor.</u></em>
<em><u /></em>
Explanation:
Some limiting factors like carbon dioxide, temperature etc. influence the photosynthetic rate, which may end up <em>reducing the potential amount of carbohydrate produced by photosynthesis</em>. Carbon dioxide is important for this form of biosynthesis: it provides the inorganic carbon that is integrated into carbohydrate molecules.
The photosynthetic rate can be slowed by a decline in the concentration of available carbon dioxide.
<em> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
</em>
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Glucose + Oxygen