<span>To stifle is to cut off, hold back, or smother. You may stifle your cough if you don't want to interrupt a lecture or you may stifle the competition if you fear losing. The verb stifle means “to choke, suffocate, drown.” ... At its most extreme, stifle means to kill by cutting off respiration.</span>
        
             
        
        
        
From the definition of absolute phrases we know that it is a modifier that attaches to a sentence without a conjunctution. So, we can say "his chubby legs, pumping" is the correct answer.
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
 Fictional stories were often based on biased ideas about Native Americans. 
Explanation:
I took the test