Protectionism is the act of using quotas or tariffs to shield one or more industries within a country's economy from foreign competition.
Use the formula of the present value of an annuity ordinary which is
Pv=pmt [(1-(1+r)^(-n))÷r]
Pv present value 4500
PMTthe actual end-of-year payment?
R interest rate 0.12
N 4 equal annual installments
Solve the formula for PMT
PMT=pv÷[(1-(1+r)^(-n))÷r]
PMT=4,500÷((1−(1+0.12)^(−4))÷(0.12))
PMT=1,481.55
___ now command about 45 percent of all retail sales in the United States.
Franchises
Answer: Reformation
Explanation: In simple words, reformation refers to a process in which something is changed in the current subject to set it again on the right path.
In the given case, the judge believes that the time period set for avoiding the competition is unusually long. Thus, they can reform the contract to make it suitable and justified for all the parties involved.