Answer:
President Nixon initially refused to release the tapes, for two reasons: first, that the Constitutional principle of executive privilege extends to the tapes and citing the separation of powers and checks and balances within the Constitution, and second, claiming they were vital to national security.
Answer:
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from more than 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 70 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, genocides including the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.
Explanation:
Athens was one of the greatest examples of city-states in Ancient Greece. It established the foundations of direct democracy based on certain restrictions to be able to vote and have decision-making power. In order to vote for legislation a person had to be a male citizen, adult, not submissive or a woman, foreigners were also excluded from participation. Related to Athens' social structure, male citizens had the greatest advantages regarding political and social rights, property ownership, participation, etc.
Those who belong to the aristocracy through ownership of lands or long ago inheritance are the ones in control of the political power. Then, a middle class of land-owners whose wealth was quite limited and business men, such as merchants, traders who were closely watched by the Athenian citizens who had some limited rights depending if they could ascend in Athenian society. Below, in the social structure there's women, children and teens, laborers, slaves and foreigners. The people in these diverse groups were not considered citizens with very limited rights unlike male aristocrats. Being dependent on others to survive was a key element to be disenfranchised from the decision-making process in Athens, which was the case for the afore mentioned groups.
The result was the collapse of Mussolini's government. Early in the morning of July 25, he was forced by the Great Fascist Council to resign and was arrested later that day. On July 26, Marshal Pietro Badoglio took control of the Italian government. The new government immediately entered into secret negotiations with the Allies, despite the presence of numerous German troops in Italy. On September 3, Montgomery's 8th Army began an invasion of the Italian mainland in Calabria, and the Italian government agreed to surrender to the Allies. Under the terms of the agreement, the Italians would be treated with leniency if they collaborated with the Allies in the expulsion of the Germans from Italy. Later that month, Mussolini was rescued from a prison in the mountains of Abruzzo by the Germans and was appointed leader of a Nazi "puppet" state in northern Italy.
