Many of the founders believed people received these rights from God and others believed that people have them just because it is natural for people to have them. the main purpose of government is to protect people's right so they believe the government can help. and according to nowadays or always, they've really have been bad at it.
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The term that describes the concept of having three branches of power is : Separation of powers
This concept prevent the Government from becoming too powerful and untouchable by its own law
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A reaction to aristocratic power