Answer:
c. the cost to growth of allocating resources to defense
d. consistent fitness benefits of high allocations to defense
Explanation:
In order to ensure survival by escape of grazing and browsing by herbivores (and insects) plant usually adopt different defence mechanisms.This forms the basis for the optimum defence hypothesis .
The basic idea of the hypothesis is that the type of defence that an organism e.g plant will adopt against an herbivore depends on its fitness, and since this involve expenditure of energy it will be expensive for the organism to afford and maintain.
Answer:
Explanation:
This is evident that all enzymes are proteins but not all proteins are enzymes. The specific activity can be define as the number of enzyme units per milliliters that is divided by the available concentration of the proteins typically in mg/ml. Thus the value of the specific activity can be measured in units/mg.
In others words this can be said that how much enzymes units can be found in the 1 mg of the total protein. So in the total concentration of the proteins the estimation of the enzyme units is possible. Thus protein concentration is necessary for calculating the number of the enzyme units.
Answer:
viable
Explanation:
Only the animals who are able to survive will live long enough to reproduce
Answer:through carbon cycle
Explanation: look up for the word and also look at the diagrams for better understanding