A biomass pyramid shows the total mass of the organisms that each trophic level occupies in an ecosystem. Usually, producers have a higher biomass than any other trophic level, but there can be lower amounts of biomass at the bottom of the pyramid if the rate of primary production per unit biomass is very fast.
Answer:
A)100mL B)50mL C)The second option D)Hypoosmotic Environment
Explanation:
The average Na concentration in the seas and oceans of the world is around 3,5% which mean that in 100 ml of sea water, there is around 3,5 grams of Na.
The weight of one mol of NaCl is 58,44 grams. For 3,5 grams of NaCl, we get 3,5/58,44 = 0,060 mol of NaCl which is 0,060x1000 = 60 mmol/100ml. According to this and the information given in the question about the secretion of the salt glands', if the average sodium concentration is 600mmol/L, we have 60*10 = 600mmol/L so it would take 100 mililiters of water to excrete.
If the average Na concentration of the salt gland's secretion were 300 mmol/L, only 50 mililiters of water would be needed to excrete the same sodium load.
The second option of secretion is hyperosmotic to seawater because the concentration is higher.
Osmoregulation is the process of balancing the amount of water and salt between the body of the organism and its surrounding environment. For salt glands to be advantageous for osmoregulation, they need to be in a hypoosmotic environment.
I hope this answer helps.
Answer:
Causal association is defined as two events in which one event leads to the cause/development of the second event such as the consumption of trans-fats and the onset of heart disease. In order to show the causal association, it is necessary to ensure that the 3 criteria of temporality, consistency, and strength are satisfied with respect to the relationship between consumption of trans fats and heart disease. According to this example involving the relationship between trans-fats and heart disease, temporality could be satisfied if one is consuming an excessive amount of foods containing trans-fats such asFrench fries, and who then ends up suffering from heart disease. In order to fulfill the criteria of strength, statistical tests would need to be performed in order to establish that there is a positive correlation between the individuals who consume trans-fats 10 times per week are shown to develop and require treatment for heart disease 90% of the time. Lastly, consistency may be fulfilled by showing that the same results are occurring despite applying the same testing measures on different groups of individuals during various increments. By applying the same tests on different groups, the chances of creating false-positives within the study can be significantly lowered. Numerous studies can be used to determine whether meaningful statements regarding the causal relationship between two factors can be established. By performing multiple studies on individuals’ eating habits and their health outcomes, researchers may then determine whether a relationship exists between the health challenges that they are faced with and the items that they consume.
Explanation:
Coral snakes imitates king snake-mimicry
also body coverings such as fur on a bear
