Answer:
The rules committee in the House can limit the amount of time to debate a bill.
The original Articles of Confederation were replaced by the present U.S. Constitution on March 4, 1789. By 1786, although the war with England had been won, the U.S. was bankrupt. The original Articles of Confederation drawn up by the Continental Congress in 1777 no longer served the needs of the new republic. The new government, which was burdened with war debts and back pay owed to soldiers, could no longer rely upon financial contributions from the 13 states. The Continental Congress had no real powers of taxation and could neither regulate currency nor coordinate national defense. The individual states had also begun to engage in repeated economic battles and discriminatory trade practices as they struggled against each other to gain the upper hand.
The need for a stronger federal government had become apparent, and on May 25, 1787, the Continental Congress began the deliberations that ultimately led to what became the U.S. Constitution. After drafting the verbiage for the new constitution, the Continental Congress had its final gathering of delegates on October 10, 1788. The new United States Congress began its first session at Federal Hall in New York City on March 4, 1789.
Best answer: by disagreeing with the pope
There had been much struggle between Pope Boniface VIII and the French king, Philip IV, over control of the church in France. Philip actually sent men to rough up Boniface during that time. After Boniface's death and then a papacy of less than a year by Benedict XI, pressure from France resulted in the electing of a French cardinal as Pope Clement V, in 1305. Clement moved the office of the papacy from Rome to Avignon, which was in Holy Roman Empire territory but near the border of France. The papal offices stayed in Avignon, under French domination, from 1309 to 1376, with seven popes total governing the church from there.
Gregory XI, the last French pope, returned the offices of the papacy to Rome in 1377. When Gregory XI died in 1378, an Italian again was elected to be pope – Urban VI. But very quickly many cardinals (especially the French) regretted the election of Urban VI. The French cardinals put forth their own rival pope, Clement VII, later in 1378. This began the Great Schism, also known as the Western Schism or Papal Schism. There were competing popes claiming the authority of that office and the allegiance of Catholics in Europe. The split in the papacy lasted till 1417.