Basically, the P-P chain turns 4 protons into: 1 neutrino, 1 gamma ray, 1 positron, 1 helium nucleus.
A gamma ray = energy.
The chain converts hydrogen into helium and makes energy.
This is all occurring through fusion reactions where 2 protons basically smash into each other. But, it could also be e.g. a proton smashing with a deuterium nucleus. Or, other nuclei smashing together to make something else.
Hope this helps!
The answer is D.
With mechanical advantage, less work is put in for a better result.
It can apply force in a shorter distance, but increase distance itself.
Mars is just a fraction the size of the Earth, so it cooled more rapidly. And as it cooled, its molten iron core hardened. As a result, Mars stopped generating its magnetic shield. And, according to one theory, this left its atmosphere to be scoured away by the solar wind.
